References | Healthcare Professionals

1. Coward DM, Tizanidine: Neuropharmacology and Mechanism of Action, NEUROLOGY 1994;44 (suppl 9):S6-S11
2. Zanaflex^® (tizanidine hydrochloride) Prescribing Information. Hawthorne, NY. Acorda Therapeutics, Inc; Rev. 7/06
3. Nance PW, Bugaresti J, Shellenberger K, Sheremata W, Martinez-Arizala A, and the North American Tizanidine Study Group. Efficacy and safety of tizanidine in the treatment of spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury, NEUROLOGY 1994;44(suppl 9):S44-S52
4. FDA, Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations, 28th Edition, 2008, Section 3.0, Prescription Drug Product List;p348. Available at http://www.fda.gov/cder/orange/obannual.pdf.
5. Shah J et al, Effects of Food on the Single Dose Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of Tizanidine Capsules and Tablets in Healthy Volunteers. Clin Ther 2006;28:1308-1317
6. Wagstaff AJ, Bryson HM. Tizanidine: a review of its pharmacology, clinical efficacy and tolerability in the management of spasticity associated with cerebral and spinal disorders. Drugs. 1997;53(3)435-452
7. We Move, Worldwide Education and Awareness for Movement Disorders, Spasticity page. Available at: www.wemove.org/spa/. Last accessed 05/12/08.

Be sure your patient received what you prescribed

Zanaflex Capsules® (tizanidine hydrochloride) is a short-acting drug indicated for the management of spasticity. Because of the short duration of effect, treatment with Zanaflex Capsules® (tizanidine hydrochloride) should be reserved for those daily activities and times when relief of spasticity is most important.

Important Safety Information:

Use with fluvoxamine or ciprofloxacin is contraindicated and results in significant increases in tizanidine plasma levels.
There is a limited data base for chronic use of single doses above 8 mg and multiple doses above 24 mg per day.
Tizanidine is an alpha2-adrenergic agonist and can produce hypotension. In a single-dose study where patients were not titrated, two-thirds of patients given 8 mg of Zanaflex experienced hypotension, which may be minimized by titration of dose. The hypotensive effect is dose related and has been measured following single doses of 2 mg or more.
Tizanidine occasionally causes liver injury, most often of the hepatocellular type.
Patients should be advised that sedation may interfere with daily activities. These effects appear to be dose related.
Visual hallucinations or delusions occurred in 3% (5/170) of study patients in two North American clinical trials.
Use with caution in hepatic or renally impaired patients.
Use with oral contraceptives results in 50% decrease in tizanidine clearance.
To discontinue therapy, taper the dose in patients receiving high doses over long time periods to reduce the risk of hypertension, tachycardia and hypertonia.
In vitro studies indicate that neither tizanidine nor the major metabolites are likely to affect the metabolism of other drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes.
Most common adverse events with tizanidine include dry mouth (49%), somnolence (48%), asthenia [weakness, fatigue and/or tiredness] (41%), dizziness (16%) and increased ALT (5%). Other adverse events include UTI, infection and constipation.
Food has complex effects on tizanidine pharmacokinetics, which differ for the different formulations. These pharmacokinetic differences may result in clinically significant differences when switching formulations, or changing administration during a fed or fasted state. These changes may result in increased adverse events or a delayed/more rapid onset of activity, depending on the nature of the switch.

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